System Analysis and Design (SAD) is the structured process of studying an existing system, identifying its problems, and creating a new or improved system that meets user needs. A system is a group of related components working together to achieve a specific goal, such as a school management system or banking system. SAD ensures that organizations develop systems that are efficient, reliable, and user-friendly.
The development of a system follows the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC), which consists of several key stages. The first stage is problem identification or planning, where analysts examine the current system, identify weaknesses, and determine whether developing a new system is feasible. The next stage is requirements analysis, where information is collected from users through interviews, questionnaires, observations, and document reviews to understand what the new system must accomplish. After gathering requirements, the system design stage begins. Here, analysts create models, diagrams, and blueprints for the new system. This includes input design, output design, database design, process design, and user interface design to ensure the system will be easy to use and efficient.
Once design is complete, the development stage follows, where programmers write the actual code and build the system. This is followed by the testing stage, where various tests—such as unit testing, system testing, and user acceptance testing—are performed to identify errors and ensure the system works as expected. The system is then implemented using methods such as direct, parallel, phased, or pilot installation. After implementation, the system enters the maintenance stage, where it is upgraded, improved, and repaired to ensure continued performance. Maintenance can be corrective, adaptive, perfective, or preventive depending on the needs of the organization.
Throughout the SAD process, documentation is created to guide users and technical teams. This includes user manuals, technical manuals, system specifications, and installation guides. The roles involved in system development include system analysts, programmers, database administrators, project managers, and end-users. Each plays an important part in ensuring the system is successful.
Overall, System Analysis and Design is important because it helps organizations create systems that solve actual problems, reduce errors, improve productivity, support decision-making, and save time and costs. By following the SDLC and applying proper analysis and design techniques, organizations can develop systems that are effective, efficient, and fully meet user requirements.
- Teacher: James Kimwomi
- Teacher: Admin User